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Haplogroup Z (mtDNA), Haplogroup Z
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Origin Haplogroup Z is believed to have arisen in Central Asia, and is a descendant of Haplogroup CZ (mtDNA), haplogroup CZ. Distribution The greatest clade diversity of haplogroup Z is found in East Asia and Central Asia. However, its greatest frequency appears in some peoples of Russia, such as Evens from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total) and from Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic (3/15 Z1a3, 1/15 Z1a2a, 4/15 = 26.7% Z total), and among the Sami people, Saami people of northern Fennoscandia. With the exception of three Khakasses who belong to Z4, two Yakut who belong to Z3a1, two Yakut, a Yakutian Evenk, a Buryat, and an Altai Kizhi who belong to Z3(xZ3a, Z3c),Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, ''et al.'', "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplogroup CZ (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, the Haplogroup CZ is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Origin Haplogroup CZ is a descendant of haplogroup M8 and is a parent to the haplogroups C and Z. The C and Z subclades share a common ancestor dated to approximately 36,500 years ago.Behar et al., 2012b Distribution Today, CZ is found in eastern Asian, Central Asian, Siberian, indigenous American, and European populations, and is most common in Siberian populations. It is recognized by a genetic marker at 249d. Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup CZ subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ''Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation'' and subsequent published research. *M **M8 ***CZ ****C ****Z See also *Genealogical DNA test *Genetic genealogy *Human mitochondrial genetics *Population genetics *Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA hapl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulunbuir
Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir, ''Hūlúnbèi'ěr''; , ''Khulunbuir'' is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Its administrative center is located at Hailar District, its largest urban area. Major scenic features are the high steppes of the Hulun Buir grasslands, the Hulun and Buir lakes (the latter partially in Mongolia), and the Khingan range. Hulun Buir borders Russia to the north and west, Mongolia to the south and west, Heilongjiang province to the east and Hinggan League to the direct south. Hulunbuir is a linguistically diverse area: next to Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian dialects such as Khorchin and Buryat, the Mongolic language Daur, and some Tungusic languages, including Oroqen and Solon, are spoken there. History During the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Hulunbuir was part of Heilongjiang province. The 1858 Treaty of Aigun established today's approximate Sino-Russian border, at a great loss to Heilongjiang's territory. In 1901, the Chinese E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyukzha
The Nyukzha () is a river in Amur Oblast and Transbaikalia, East Siberia, Russian Federation. It is the second largest tributary of the Olyokma river in terms of length and area of its basin. The Nyukzha is long and has a drainage basin of . There are a number of inhabited places close to the banks of the river, including Ust-Urkima, Lopcha, Chilchi, Ust-Nyukzha, Larba and Yuktali, mostly with a significant Evenk population. A section of the Baikal–Amur Mainline passes along the river valley. / '':'' in 30 vols. / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. The river is a destination for |
Batagay-Alyta
Batagay-Alyta (; , ), also known as Sakkyryr (; , ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a ''village#Russia, selo'') and the administrative center of Eveno-Bytantaysky National District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. Its population as of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census was 1,832. Geography Batagay-Alyta is located on the eastern flank of the Verkhoyansk Range, and southeast of the southern end of the Sietinden Range and southwest of the Kular Range. The town lies about to the north of the capital Yakutsk and a few kilometers from the left bank of the Ulakhan-Sakkyryr River, a tributary of the Bytantay. History It was founded in 1936 as the administrative center for the then newly created Sakkyryrsky District. It lost this function with the dissolution of the district in 1963, but regained it with the creation of Eveno-Bytantaysky District in 1989. Demographics Population: The population includes a large proportion of Evens, with the Even la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rapla County
Rapla County ( or ''Raplamaa'') is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is situated in the north-western part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022 Rapla County had a population of 33,529 – constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia. History The first written records of Rapla date back to the 1241 Danish census (''Liber Census Daniae''). County government Until 2017 the County Government (Estonian: ''maavalitsus'') was led by a governor (Estonian: ''maavanem''), who was appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Since 2015, the Governor position was held by Tõnis Blank. Municipalities The county is subdivided into municipalities. There are 4 rural municipalities (Estonian: ''vallad'' – parishes) in Rapla County: Religion The congregations of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church in the county are Hageri St. Lam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Finland Province
Eastern Finland (, ) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Oulu, Western Finland and Southern Finland. It also bordered Russia to the east. History On September 1, 1997, the Mikkeli Province, the Kuopio Province and Northern Karelia Province were joined to form the new Eastern Finland Province. All the provinces of Finland were abolished on January 1, 2010. Administration The State Provincial Office was a joint regional authority of seven different ministries. It promoted national and regional objectives of the State central administration. Eastern Finland State Provincial Office had branch offices in Mikkeli, Joensuu, and Kuopio. Regions Eastern Finland was divided into three regions: *North Karelia (''Pohjois-Karjala / Norra Karelen'') *Northern Savonia (''Pohjois-Savo / Norra Savolax'') *Southern Savonia (''Etelä-Savo / Södra Savolax'') Municipalities in 2009 (cities in bold) Eastern Finland was divided into 54 municipalitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa, are located in the oblast. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod and surroundings have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Population: 583,387 ( 2021 Census). Geography Novgorod Oblast borders with Leningrad Oblast in the north and in the northwest, Vologda Oblast in the east, Tver Oblast in the southeast and in the south, and Pskov Oblast in the southwest, which coincidentally has a similar amount of land area as Novgorod Oblast. The western part is a lowland around Lake Ilmen, while the eastern part is a highland (northern spurs of the Valdai Hills). The highest point is in the Valdai Hills (). In the center of the oblast is Lake Ilmen, one of the largest lakes in Central Russia. The major tributaries of Lake Ilmen are the Msta, which originates in the east o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udmurts
The Udmurts (, ) are a Permian (Finno-Ugric) ethnic group in Eastern Europe, who speak the Udmurt language. They mainly live in the republic of Udmurtia in Russia. Etymology The name ''Udmurt'' comes from * 'meadow people,' where the first part represents the Permic root * meaning 'meadow, glade, turf, greenery'. The second part, ''murt'', means 'person' (cf. Komi , Mari , Mordvin ''mirď-''), probably an early borrowing from an Iranian language (such as Scythian): * or * meaning 'person, man' (cf. Persian ). This, in turn, is thought to have been borrowed from the Indo-Aryan term * 'man', literally 'mortal, one who is bound to die' (< 'to die'), compare 'young warrior' and Old Indic 'chariot warrior', both co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelyabinsk Oblast
Chelyabinsk Oblast; , is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an oblast) of Russia in the Ural Mountains region, on the border of Europe and Asia. Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Chelyabinsk. History During the Middle Ages, Bashkirs, Bashkir tribes inhabited the Southern Ural (region), Urals; they formed part of the Golden Horde, Nogai Horde, and smaller Bashkir unions. The Tsardom of Russia Russian conquest of Siberia, incorporated the area in the late 16th century. However, Russian colonization of the region only began in the 18th century, with the establishment of a system of fortresses and trade posts on the then-Russian border by the in 1734. Many cities of Chelyabinsk Oblast, including the city of Chelyabinsk itself, trace their history back to those forts. In 1743 the Chelyabinsk fortress became a center of the , a constituent part of the Orenburg Governorate (a direct successor of the Orenburg Expedition). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norrbotten County
Norrbotten County (, Meänkieli/, ) is the northernmost county or '' län'' of Sweden. It is also the largest county by land area, almost a quarter of Sweden's total area. It shares borders with Västerbotten County to the southwest, the Gulf of Bothnia to the southeast, the counties of Nordland and Troms in Norway to the northwest, and Lapland Province in Finland to the northeast. The name "Norrbotten" is also used for a province of the same name. Norrbotten province covers only the eastern part of Norrbotten County – the inland mostly belongs to the Swedish Lapland province (''Lappland''). The capital of Norrbotten is Luleå. Other significant towns include Boden, Kiruna and Piteå. The majority of the population lives in the namesake province, whereas the Lapland part of the county is sparsely populated. Norrbotten covers a larger land area than both Austria and Portugal. The four largest municipalities in Sweden by land area are in the county. Sweden's tallest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Västerbotten County
Västerbotten County (), sometimes called Westrobothnia, is a county or '' län'' in the north of Sweden. It shares the borders with the counties of Västernorrland, Jämtland, and Norrbotten, as well as the Norwegian county of Nordland and the Gulf of Bothnia. Its capital is Umeå, and the largest town in the northern part is Skellefteå. These two municipalities make up the majority of the population. Västerbotten County has vast wilderness areas, and a land area larger than Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Provinces ''For history, geography, and culture, see: Västerbotten, Lapland, and Ångermanland'' Västerbotten County, also known as Västerbottens län in Swedish, is located in the northern part of Sweden. It shares borders with Västernorrland, Jämtland, and Norrbotten counties, as well as the Norwegian county of Nordland and the Gulf of Bothnia. The county's capital is Umeå, which is home to approximately half of the population when combined with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aust-Agder
Aust-Agder (, ) was a county (''fylke'') in Norway from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged with Vest-Agder to form Agder county. In 2002, there were 102,945 inhabitants, which was 2.2% of Norway's population. Its area was . The county's administrative center was the town of Arendal. The county, located along the Skagerrak coast, extended from Gjernestangen at Risør to the Kvåsefjorden in Lillesand. The inner parts of the area included Setesdalsheiene and Austheiene. Most of the population lives near the coast; about 78% of the county's inhabitants live in the five coastal municipalities of Arendal, Grimstad, Lillesand, Tvedestrand, and Risør. The rest of the county is sparsely populated. Tourism is important, as Arendal and the other coastal towns are popular attractions. The county includes the larger islands of Tromøya, Hisøya, Justøya, and Sandøya. The interior of the county encompasses the traditional district of Setesdal, through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
